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The mechanisms underlying gender disparities in mathematics: preferences, performance, discrimination or stereotypes?
Several studies show that parents perceive girls as less gifted in mathematics, less interested in this discipline, and therefore more compelled to work to succeed. Perhaps more importantly, these perceptions persist even when girls obtain identical or even higher grades than boys! Jussim and Eccles surveyed a hundred mathematics teachers about the competence and effort made in this discipline by each of the students in their 6th grade class (ages 11-12).